Submammary Granular Parakeratosis Treated With Mastopexy.

Granular parakeratosis, originally named axillary granular parakeratosis, is an uncommon disease with an unclear etiology. It is thought to result from defective processing of profillagrin to fillagrin, causing retention of keratohyaline granules in the epidermis. A myriad of causative factors has been proposed, including friction, moisture, heat, and contact irritants such as deodorants. We present a case in the inframammary area that resolved with mastopexy, further supporting the role of friction, moisture, and heat. Furthermore, we present electron microscopic evidence demonstrating non-degraded keratohyaline granules upon epidermal maturation. This entity, we believe, is reactive and represents a protective response of the body to moisture and heat.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(8):810-812.

Circumscribed palmar or plantar hypokeratosis: first report on a nonacral site with unique histologic features.

Circumscribed palmar or plantar hypokeratosis was first described by Pérez et al in 2002 as a unique entity of the skin in which they reported 10 patients who presented with well-circumscribed areas of erythematous depressed or eroded skin mostly over the thenar or hypothenar eminences of the palms and less commonly on the soles. Histologically, the lesions demonstrated an abrupt drop-off in the cornified layer resulting in a broad area of hypokeratosis. Pérez et al hypothesized that these lesions were a distinctive epidermal malformation. There have been several reports since, some of which implicate trauma as an etiologic agent; however, the exact etiology remains unclear. The authors present the first case of circumscribed palmar or plantar hypokeratosis on a nonacral site (chest of a 63-year-old man) with novel histological features, including granular parakeratosis and evidence of trauma (subepidermal fibrin and ulcerations).

[Median rhomboid glossitis--change of inflammation origin or developmental anomaly?]. / Romboidalne zapalenie grzbietu jezyka--zmiana zapalna czy wrodzona?

The etiology and pathogenesis of median rhomboid glossitis have been subjects of controversial discussion for a long time. In the past it was thought to be a developmental defect involving the tongue. This condition was believed to have been caused by the failure of the embriologic tuberculum impair to be covered by the lateral processes of the tongue. In the recent years the possible role of Candida albicans has been stressed. It is proposed that Actinomyces like Candida induces pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the mucosa of the tongue and inflammatory hyperplasia of the underlying connecting tissue, resulting in the characteristic elevated lesion. In the paper we present a case of 63 years old female with median rhomboid glossitis and methods of its treatment. The importance of tobacco smoking and denture wearing in the etiology of median rhomboid glossitis has been evaluated.

[Parakeratosis of larynx as a base of cancerogenesis]. / Parakeratoza krtani jako podloze do rozwoju raka.

Keratosis, parakeratosis and hyperkeratosis of the larynx and hyperkeratotic papilloma with the inflammation should be treated as clinical precancerous state. Parakeratosis and cellular dysplasia are histological features of cancerogenesis. The patient with extensive verrucous keratosis of the larynx (described in the article) has been observed for 7 years. Eventually, the developed verrucous carcinoma of the larynx.